Laser Technology Unveils Hidden Ancient Road at Chaco Culture National Historical Park

NEW MEXICO (KRQE) — Cutting-edge technology is transforming the way we explore historical locations such as Chaco Canyon. Recently, scientists discovered an entirely new road that was previously unknown, potentially offering insights into the lives of people who resided there centuries ago.

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For many years, LiDAR technology has illuminated how landscapes appeared in times long gone. This tech employs laser light to gauge distances and generate three-dimensional representations of regions. Most recently, it assisted scientists in discovering an undocumented roadway within Chaco Culture National Historical Park—a network of historical sites located south of Farmington. People inhabited this place from 850 to 1250 CE, using these ruins as a meeting ground for various Navajo communities during those days.

"What we're seeing here highlights the extensive interconnectedness of the Chacoan culture across a vast region, illustrating just how advanced their civilization was," explained Aron Adams, the Chief of Resource Management at Chaco Culture National Historical Park.

Using both LiDAR technology and ground-level observations, researchers from Dartmouth College have uncovered evidence suggesting that there were actually two ancient roads at the Gasco site near Chaco Culture National Historical Park—double what was initially believed. A notable discovery made by this research team is that these roadways align perfectly with the sun’s position during the winter solstice as seen rising above Mount Taylor. According to their findings, these pathways appear more suited for ceremonial use than practical applications such as connecting communities through trade routes.

A member of the research team provided KRQE with this statement:

Our research combining LiDAR and on-the-ground observation led us to discover that there were two parallel roads at the Gasco Site. Before this study, we didn’t know the second road existed. This combination of LiDAR technology and ground survey also helped us see that the roads are aligned to the winter solstice sunrise over Mount Taylor, a very important mountain to Pueblo and Navajo people today. Rather than connecting settlements for trade, these roads instead seem define a sacred landscape.

Dartmouth archaeologist Robert S. Weiner, Ph.D.

Not only does LiDAR facilitate new findings, but it can also aid in protecting historical sites. "It allows us to determine whether walls are tilting or if there are other structural problems that require attention," explained Adams. "A key aspect for us is ensuring visitor safety, and we can use this technology to tackle the problematic sections identified throughout the pathways."

Officials from Chaco stated that the following month LiDAR technicians will conduct their research again in April, focusing on evaluating the architectural structures for maintenance purposes.

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